Generated: 2026-04-18 18:15:45 • Records: 1,148,634 • Years: 2024-25 • Tables: 48
Table 1.1: Key Indicators by Sex (PS+SS, All India, 15+, Rural+Urban)
| Year | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | 59.3 | 79.1 | 40.0 | 57.4 | 76.6 | 38.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
Table 1.2: Key Indicators by Sex (PS+SS, Rural, 15+)
| Year | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | 62.8 | 80.5 | 45.9 | 61.2 | 78.4 | 44.9 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.1 |
Table 1.3: Key Indicators by Sex (PS+SS, Urban, 15+)
| Year | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | 52.2 | 76.2 | 27.7 | 49.7 | 73.0 | 25.9 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 6.4 |
Table 1.4: Gender Gap (Male − Female) in Key Indicators (PS+SS, 15+)
| Year | Gap_LFPR | Gap_WPR | Gap_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | 39.1 | 37.8 | 0.0 |
Table 1.5: PS+SS vs CWS Comparison (Person, All India, 15+)
| Year | PS+SS_Person_LFPR | CWS_Person_LFPR | PS+SS_Person_WPR | CWS_Person_WPR | PS+SS_Person_UR | CWS_Person_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | 59.3 | 55.7 | 57.4 | 52.8 | 3.1 | 5.3 |
2025 CWS values in this table are sourced from official MoSPI annual-release/API benchmarks because the revamped 2025 rotational-panel estimation is not fully recoverable from first-visit microdata alone.
Table 2.1: LFPR by Sex × Sector (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| sector_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 62.8 | 80.5 | 45.9 |
| Urban | 52.2 | 76.2 | 27.7 |
Table 2.2: WPR by Sex × Sector (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| sector_label | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 61.2 | 78.4 | 44.9 |
| Urban | 49.7 | 73.0 | 25.9 |
Table 2.3: UR by Sex × Sector (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| sector_label | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.1 |
| Urban | 4.8 | 4.2 | 6.4 |
Table 3.1: LFPR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Combined, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 57.2 | 78.3 | 46.9 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 58.9 | 82.9 | 40.6 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 44.7 | 58.1 | 23.5 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 62.6 | 75.9 | 52.9 |
| Below primary | 68.5 | 85.8 | 52.7 |
| Primary | 67.1 | 88.4 | 45.9 |
| Middle | 60.6 | 80.3 | 36.9 |
| Secondary | 49.9 | 68.4 | 27.2 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 49.5 | 69.1 | 26.2 |
| Graduate | 78.6 | 88.2 | 51.9 |
| Postgraduate & above | 66.2 | 86.9 | 39.2 |
| — | 70.7 | 88.6 | 51.6 |
Table 3.2: WPR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Combined, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 57.0 | 78.0 | 46.9 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 58.7 | 82.4 | 40.6 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 44.7 | 58.1 | 23.5 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 61.6 | 73.7 | 52.9 |
| Below primary | 68.2 | 85.3 | 52.6 |
| Primary | 66.6 | 87.6 | 45.7 |
| Middle | 59.6 | 78.7 | 36.6 |
| Secondary | 48.9 | 66.8 | 26.8 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 47.2 | 65.9 | 24.9 |
| Graduate | 73.2 | 82.7 | 46.6 |
| Postgraduate & above | 58.8 | 79.1 | 32.4 |
| — | 63.6 | 83.1 | 42.9 |
Table 3.3: UR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Combined, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 1.5 | 2.9 | 0.0 |
| Below primary | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
| Primary | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
| Middle | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
| Secondary | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 4.7 | 4.6 | 5.0 |
| Graduate | 6.9 | 6.2 | 10.2 |
| Postgraduate & above | 11.2 | 9.0 | 17.4 |
| — | 10.0 | 6.2 | 16.8 |
Table 3.4: LFPR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Rural, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 60.3 | 78.9 | 51.3 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 61.8 | 82.9 | 44.2 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 59.9 | 80.1 | 28.3 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 73.9 | 79.6 | 68.5 |
| Below primary | 72.7 | 87.0 | 59.5 |
| Primary | 71.4 | 89.6 | 53.0 |
| Middle | 63.9 | 81.3 | 42.4 |
| Secondary | 53.6 | 70.1 | 33.0 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 54.2 | 72.3 | 31.8 |
| Graduate | 81.4 | 90.1 | 55.7 |
| Postgraduate & above | 70.5 | 90.6 | 42.7 |
| — | 77.6 | 92.8 | 58.6 |
Table 3.5: WPR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Rural, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 60.2 | 78.6 | 51.2 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 61.7 | 82.7 | 44.2 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 59.9 | 80.1 | 28.3 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 72.5 | 76.7 | 68.5 |
| Below primary | 72.6 | 86.7 | 59.4 |
| Primary | 71.0 | 88.8 | 52.9 |
| Middle | 62.9 | 79.8 | 42.2 |
| Secondary | 52.7 | 68.7 | 32.7 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 51.7 | 69.0 | 30.4 |
| Graduate | 75.3 | 84.2 | 49.3 |
| Postgraduate & above | 62.2 | 82.1 | 34.5 |
| — | 68.8 | 87.0 | 46.0 |
Table 3.6: UR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Rural, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 1.9 | 3.7 | 0.0 |
| Below primary | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Primary | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
| Middle | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.5 |
| Secondary | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.1 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Graduate | 7.5 | 6.6 | 11.5 |
| Postgraduate & above | 11.8 | 9.3 | 19.2 |
| — | 11.3 | 6.3 | 21.4 |
Table 3.7: LFPR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Urban, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 43.1 | 75.7 | 28.4 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 51.0 | 82.8 | 32.1 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 6.1 | 3.2 | 10.8 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 40.1 | 63.8 | 30.4 |
| Below primary | 55.8 | 82.2 | 33.1 |
| Primary | 56.3 | 85.4 | 28.6 |
| Middle | 52.7 | 77.8 | 24.0 |
| Secondary | 43.5 | 65.3 | 17.4 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 42.0 | 63.7 | 17.7 |
| Graduate | 75.4 | 85.9 | 48.0 |
| Postgraduate & above | 62.6 | 83.8 | 36.4 |
| — | 67.0 | 86.1 | 48.3 |
Table 3.8: WPR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Urban, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 42.8 | 75.0 | 28.2 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 50.5 | 81.5 | 32.1 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 6.1 | 3.2 | 10.8 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 40.1 | 63.8 | 30.4 |
| Below primary | 55.3 | 81.1 | 33.1 |
| Primary | 55.7 | 84.4 | 28.4 |
| Middle | 51.5 | 76.0 | 23.5 |
| Secondary | 42.3 | 63.5 | 17.0 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 39.9 | 60.7 | 16.6 |
| Graduate | 70.8 | 81.1 | 43.9 |
| Postgraduate & above | 56.0 | 76.4 | 30.7 |
| — | 60.9 | 80.8 | 41.4 |
Table 3.9: UR by Education × Sex (PS+SS, Urban, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not literate | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Below primary | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.1 |
| Primary | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.9 |
| Middle | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| Secondary | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 |
| Diploma/Certificate | 4.9 | 4.6 | 6.1 |
| Graduate | 6.1 | 5.6 | 8.5 |
| Postgraduate & above | 10.6 | 8.8 | 15.7 |
| — | 9.2 | 6.2 | 14.2 |
Table 4.1: LFPR by State (PS+SS, Combined, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sikkim | 74.7 | 81.3 | 66.7 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 73.2 | 82.5 | 64.7 |
| Meghalaya | 72.3 | 80.6 | 64.3 |
| Nagaland | 72.1 | 79.7 | 64.5 |
| Chhattisgarh | 71.6 | 83.5 | 59.8 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 71.3 | 80.5 | 61.7 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 67.2 | 84.0 | 50.3 |
| Ladakh | 66.2 | 70.9 | 61.0 |
| Daman & Diu | 66.0 | 85.3 | 38.3 |
| Gujarat | 65.2 | 83.4 | 46.2 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 65.1 | 83.5 | 46.1 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 65.0 | 76.3 | 53.1 |
| Rajasthan | 64.5 | 77.0 | 52.3 |
| Odisha | 63.2 | 80.6 | 47.3 |
| Manipur | 63.1 | 74.1 | 52.6 |
| Tamil Nadu | 62.3 | 78.3 | 47.3 |
| Tripura | 62.1 | 78.9 | 46.3 |
| Assam | 61.9 | 81.7 | 42.8 |
| Telangana | 61.4 | 77.1 | 46.4 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 60.9 | 78.3 | 44.8 |
| Jharkhand | 59.8 | 77.0 | 43.7 |
| West Bengal | 59.5 | 82.5 | 37.9 |
| Maharashtra | 59.5 | 78.4 | 39.9 |
| Karnataka | 59.4 | 79.4 | 39.8 |
| Kerala | 57.4 | 75.8 | 41.2 |
| Uttarakhand | 56.3 | 75.5 | 37.8 |
| Chandigarh | 56.1 | 74.8 | 35.6 |
| Punjab | 55.2 | 79.2 | 30.2 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 55.2 | 78.9 | 32.4 |
| Mizoram | 53.9 | 67.8 | 38.0 |
| Puducherry | 51.8 | 72.7 | 32.7 |
| Goa | 51.2 | 73.4 | 27.4 |
| Haryana | 50.4 | 75.0 | 23.8 |
| Bihar | 49.3 | 75.6 | 24.8 |
| Lakshadweep | 46.3 | 76.1 | 21.9 |
| Delhi | 44.2 | 71.5 | 13.1 |
Table 4.2: WPR by State (PS+SS, Combined, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sikkim | 72.3 | 78.8 | 64.5 |
| Chhattisgarh | 70.0 | 81.5 | 58.5 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 69.9 | 78.3 | 62.2 |
| Meghalaya | 68.9 | 78.0 | 60.0 |
| Nagaland | 67.3 | 75.5 | 59.1 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 66.6 | 75.7 | 57.1 |
| Daman & Diu | 64.9 | 83.7 | 38.1 |
| Gujarat | 64.6 | 82.5 | 45.9 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 64.1 | 82.1 | 45.6 |
| Ladakh | 63.5 | 67.9 | 58.8 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 61.7 | 73.3 | 49.6 |
| Rajasthan | 61.7 | 73.8 | 49.9 |
| Odisha | 61.3 | 77.9 | 46.2 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 60.5 | 78.7 | 42.0 |
| Tripura | 60.4 | 77.9 | 44.1 |
| Tamil Nadu | 60.2 | 75.8 | 45.6 |
| Manipur | 59.8 | 71.3 | 49.0 |
| Assam | 59.6 | 79.0 | 40.9 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 58.3 | 74.9 | 43.0 |
| Telangana | 58.3 | 73.2 | 44.1 |
| Jharkhand | 58.2 | 74.5 | 42.9 |
| Maharashtra | 58.0 | 76.4 | 39.1 |
| Karnataka | 58.0 | 77.6 | 38.8 |
| West Bengal | 57.8 | 80.3 | 36.8 |
| Kerala | 54.9 | 73.5 | 38.6 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 53.7 | 76.6 | 31.7 |
| Uttarakhand | 53.4 | 71.4 | 36.0 |
| Chandigarh | 52.9 | 73.2 | 30.6 |
| Mizoram | 52.6 | 66.1 | 37.2 |
| Punjab | 52.3 | 75.6 | 28.0 |
| Puducherry | 49.0 | 69.7 | 30.1 |
| Haryana | 48.1 | 71.5 | 22.8 |
| Bihar | 47.4 | 72.6 | 24.0 |
| Goa | 46.9 | 67.1 | 25.4 |
| Lakshadweep | 43.1 | 71.9 | 19.6 |
| Delhi | 41.6 | 67.4 | 12.2 |
Table 4.3: UR by State (PS+SS, Combined, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 10.0 | 6.2 | 16.4 |
| Goa | 8.3 | 8.6 | 7.3 |
| Lakshadweep | 6.9 | 5.6 | 10.5 |
| Nagaland | 6.7 | 5.3 | 8.4 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 6.6 | 6.0 | 7.4 |
| Delhi | 5.9 | 5.7 | 7.4 |
| Chandigarh | 5.7 | 2.0 | 14.2 |
| Puducherry | 5.4 | 4.2 | 7.9 |
| Punjab | 5.3 | 4.6 | 7.3 |
| Manipur | 5.2 | 3.8 | 6.9 |
| Uttarakhand | 5.1 | 5.4 | 4.7 |
| Telangana | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.8 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 4.9 | 3.9 | 6.5 |
| Meghalaya | 4.8 | 3.2 | 6.6 |
| Haryana | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.0 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
| Kerala | 4.4 | 3.1 | 6.4 |
| Rajasthan | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.0 |
| Ladakh | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
| Bihar | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
| Assam | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 |
| Tamil Nadu | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
| Sikkim | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
| Odisha | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
| West Bengal | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.1 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.1 |
| Jharkhand | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.7 |
| Tripura | 2.7 | 1.4 | 4.8 |
| Maharashtra | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
| Mizoram | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
| Chhattisgarh | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| Karnataka | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Daman & Diu | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.7 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| Gujarat | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.7 |
Table 4.4: LFPR by State × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sikkim | 74.7 | 81.3 | 66.7 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 73.2 | 82.5 | 64.7 |
| Meghalaya | 72.3 | 80.6 | 64.3 |
| Nagaland | 72.1 | 79.7 | 64.5 |
| Chhattisgarh | 71.6 | 83.5 | 59.8 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 71.3 | 80.5 | 61.7 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 67.2 | 84.0 | 50.3 |
| Ladakh | 66.2 | 70.9 | 61.0 |
| Daman & Diu | 66.0 | 85.3 | 38.3 |
| Gujarat | 65.2 | 83.4 | 46.2 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 65.1 | 83.5 | 46.1 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 65.0 | 76.3 | 53.1 |
| Rajasthan | 64.5 | 77.0 | 52.3 |
| Odisha | 63.2 | 80.6 | 47.3 |
| Manipur | 63.1 | 74.1 | 52.6 |
| Tamil Nadu | 62.3 | 78.3 | 47.3 |
| Tripura | 62.1 | 78.9 | 46.3 |
| Assam | 61.9 | 81.7 | 42.8 |
| Telangana | 61.4 | 77.1 | 46.4 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 60.9 | 78.3 | 44.8 |
| Jharkhand | 59.8 | 77.0 | 43.7 |
| West Bengal | 59.5 | 82.5 | 37.9 |
| Maharashtra | 59.5 | 78.4 | 39.9 |
| Karnataka | 59.4 | 79.4 | 39.8 |
| Kerala | 57.4 | 75.8 | 41.2 |
| Uttarakhand | 56.3 | 75.5 | 37.8 |
| Chandigarh | 56.1 | 74.8 | 35.6 |
| Punjab | 55.2 | 79.2 | 30.2 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 55.2 | 78.9 | 32.4 |
| Mizoram | 53.9 | 67.8 | 38.0 |
| Puducherry | 51.8 | 72.7 | 32.7 |
| Goa | 51.2 | 73.4 | 27.4 |
| Haryana | 50.4 | 75.0 | 23.8 |
| Bihar | 49.3 | 75.6 | 24.8 |
| Lakshadweep | 46.3 | 76.1 | 21.9 |
| Delhi | 44.2 | 71.5 | 13.1 |
Table 4.5: WPR by State × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sikkim | 72.3 | 78.8 | 64.5 |
| Chhattisgarh | 70.0 | 81.5 | 58.5 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 69.9 | 78.3 | 62.2 |
| Meghalaya | 68.9 | 78.0 | 60.0 |
| Nagaland | 67.3 | 75.5 | 59.1 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 66.6 | 75.7 | 57.1 |
| Daman & Diu | 64.9 | 83.7 | 38.1 |
| Gujarat | 64.6 | 82.5 | 45.9 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 64.1 | 82.1 | 45.6 |
| Ladakh | 63.5 | 67.9 | 58.8 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 61.7 | 73.3 | 49.6 |
| Rajasthan | 61.7 | 73.8 | 49.9 |
| Odisha | 61.3 | 77.9 | 46.2 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 60.5 | 78.7 | 42.0 |
| Tripura | 60.4 | 77.9 | 44.1 |
| Tamil Nadu | 60.2 | 75.8 | 45.6 |
| Manipur | 59.8 | 71.3 | 49.0 |
| Assam | 59.6 | 79.0 | 40.9 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 58.3 | 74.9 | 43.0 |
| Telangana | 58.3 | 73.2 | 44.1 |
| Jharkhand | 58.2 | 74.5 | 42.9 |
| Maharashtra | 58.0 | 76.4 | 39.1 |
| Karnataka | 58.0 | 77.6 | 38.8 |
| West Bengal | 57.8 | 80.3 | 36.8 |
| Kerala | 54.9 | 73.5 | 38.6 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 53.7 | 76.6 | 31.7 |
| Uttarakhand | 53.4 | 71.4 | 36.0 |
| Chandigarh | 52.9 | 73.2 | 30.6 |
| Mizoram | 52.6 | 66.1 | 37.2 |
| Punjab | 52.3 | 75.6 | 28.0 |
| Puducherry | 49.0 | 69.7 | 30.1 |
| Haryana | 48.1 | 71.5 | 22.8 |
| Bihar | 47.4 | 72.6 | 24.0 |
| Goa | 46.9 | 67.1 | 25.4 |
| Lakshadweep | 43.1 | 71.9 | 19.6 |
| Delhi | 41.6 | 67.4 | 12.2 |
Table 4.6: UR by State × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 10.0 | 6.2 | 16.4 |
| Goa | 8.3 | 8.6 | 7.3 |
| Lakshadweep | 6.9 | 5.6 | 10.5 |
| Nagaland | 6.7 | 5.3 | 8.4 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 6.6 | 6.0 | 7.4 |
| Delhi | 5.9 | 5.7 | 7.4 |
| Chandigarh | 5.7 | 2.0 | 14.2 |
| Puducherry | 5.4 | 4.2 | 7.9 |
| Punjab | 5.3 | 4.6 | 7.3 |
| Manipur | 5.2 | 3.8 | 6.9 |
| Uttarakhand | 5.1 | 5.4 | 4.7 |
| Telangana | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.8 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 4.9 | 3.9 | 6.5 |
| Meghalaya | 4.8 | 3.2 | 6.6 |
| Haryana | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.0 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
| Kerala | 4.4 | 3.1 | 6.4 |
| Rajasthan | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.0 |
| Ladakh | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
| Bihar | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
| Assam | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 |
| Tamil Nadu | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
| Sikkim | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
| Odisha | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
| West Bengal | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.1 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.1 |
| Jharkhand | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.7 |
| Tripura | 2.7 | 1.4 | 4.8 |
| Maharashtra | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
| Mizoram | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
| Chhattisgarh | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| Karnataka | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Daman & Diu | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.7 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| Gujarat | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.7 |
Table 4.7: LFPR by State (PS+SS, Rural, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sikkim | 81.2 | 84.2 | 77.3 |
| Nagaland | 75.8 | 82.2 | 69.8 |
| Chhattisgarh | 75.7 | 84.4 | 67.0 |
| Meghalaya | 75.4 | 82.9 | 67.8 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 75.4 | 83.5 | 68.1 |
| Daman & Diu | 75.1 | 87.1 | 59.5 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 73.6 | 81.4 | 65.5 |
| Gujarat | 71.0 | 85.4 | 56.3 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 70.7 | 85.9 | 55.3 |
| Rajasthan | 69.2 | 78.1 | 60.7 |
| Tamil Nadu | 68.7 | 80.6 | 57.9 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 68.0 | 77.3 | 58.4 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 67.4 | 85.5 | 51.0 |
| Ladakh | 67.2 | 70.4 | 63.9 |
| Telangana | 66.5 | 77.7 | 56.0 |
| Maharashtra | 66.0 | 80.6 | 51.3 |
| Odisha | 65.7 | 81.9 | 51.2 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 65.2 | 80.4 | 51.1 |
| Tripura | 64.6 | 79.9 | 50.2 |
| Manipur | 64.4 | 76.1 | 53.2 |
| Jharkhand | 63.6 | 78.4 | 50.0 |
| Karnataka | 63.5 | 81.8 | 45.9 |
| Assam | 63.3 | 82.3 | 44.9 |
| West Bengal | 62.2 | 84.3 | 41.7 |
| Kerala | 60.0 | 77.3 | 44.9 |
| Lakshadweep | 59.6 | 86.4 | 29.4 |
| Uttarakhand | 58.7 | 75.3 | 43.2 |
| Puducherry | 58.1 | 72.7 | 44.9 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 57.7 | 79.7 | 37.1 |
| Mizoram | 56.7 | 70.9 | 39.3 |
| Punjab | 56.4 | 78.8 | 33.8 |
| Haryana | 51.0 | 74.1 | 26.5 |
| Bihar | 50.2 | 76.4 | 26.1 |
| Goa | 49.8 | 71.3 | 27.0 |
| Delhi | 42.2 | 68.7 | 10.6 |
Table 4.8: WPR by State (PS+SS, Rural, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sikkim | 78.9 | 81.8 | 75.3 |
| Daman & Diu | 74.8 | 86.6 | 59.3 |
| Chhattisgarh | 74.3 | 82.8 | 65.9 |
| Nagaland | 72.6 | 79.9 | 65.6 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 72.5 | 79.5 | 66.3 |
| Meghalaya | 72.4 | 80.7 | 64.1 |
| Gujarat | 70.5 | 84.6 | 56.1 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 70.0 | 78.0 | 61.7 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 70.0 | 84.8 | 55.1 |
| Rajasthan | 67.4 | 76.2 | 59.1 |
| Tamil Nadu | 66.9 | 78.3 | 56.6 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 65.4 | 74.7 | 55.9 |
| Maharashtra | 65.0 | 79.1 | 50.6 |
| Ladakh | 64.8 | 67.5 | 62.0 |
| Telangana | 63.9 | 74.2 | 54.2 |
| Odisha | 63.9 | 79.4 | 50.1 |
| Tripura | 63.1 | 79.2 | 47.8 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 63.0 | 77.4 | 49.7 |
| Jharkhand | 62.6 | 76.7 | 49.6 |
| Karnataka | 62.2 | 80.1 | 45.1 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 61.7 | 80.4 | 44.8 |
| Manipur | 61.3 | 73.8 | 49.4 |
| Assam | 61.2 | 79.7 | 43.2 |
| West Bengal | 60.7 | 82.3 | 40.7 |
| Kerala | 57.3 | 74.8 | 42.1 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 56.4 | 77.6 | 36.6 |
| Uttarakhand | 56.2 | 71.8 | 41.8 |
| Mizoram | 56.0 | 69.6 | 39.3 |
| Lakshadweep | 55.9 | 82.8 | 25.6 |
| Puducherry | 54.8 | 69.3 | 41.7 |
| Punjab | 53.2 | 75.0 | 31.2 |
| Haryana | 49.2 | 71.3 | 25.8 |
| Bihar | 48.6 | 73.9 | 25.6 |
| Goa | 43.8 | 62.7 | 23.9 |
| Delhi | 40.9 | 66.6 | 10.3 |
Table 4.9: UR by State (PS+SS, Rural, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Goa | 11.9 | 12.1 | 11.4 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 8.4 | 6.0 | 12.1 |
| Lakshadweep | 6.2 | 4.1 | 12.8 |
| Puducherry | 5.7 | 4.6 | 7.1 |
| Punjab | 5.6 | 4.8 | 7.4 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 4.9 | 4.1 | 5.8 |
| Manipur | 4.8 | 3.1 | 7.1 |
| Kerala | 4.4 | 3.2 | 6.2 |
| Nagaland | 4.3 | 2.8 | 6.0 |
| Uttarakhand | 4.2 | 4.7 | 3.4 |
| Meghalaya | 3.9 | 2.7 | 5.4 |
| Telangana | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.3 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.4 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 3.8 | 4.8 | 2.8 |
| Ladakh | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.0 |
| Haryana | 3.5 | 3.8 | 2.7 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 3.4 | 3.7 | 2.8 |
| Assam | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
| Delhi | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.3 |
| Bihar | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.1 |
| Sikkim | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Odisha | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.0 |
| Tamil Nadu | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.2 |
| Rajasthan | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Tripura | 2.4 | 0.9 | 4.8 |
| West Bengal | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 |
| Karnataka | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.8 |
| Chhattisgarh | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 |
| Maharashtra | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.3 |
| Jharkhand | 1.6 | 2.1 | 0.8 |
| Mizoram | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.0 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
| Gujarat | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Daman & Diu | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
Table 4.10: LFPR by State (PS+SS, Urban, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 67.0 | 82.2 | 49.2 |
| Nagaland | 63.8 | 74.6 | 52.1 |
| Daman & Diu | 61.6 | 84.4 | 27.5 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 61.3 | 77.0 | 43.9 |
| Manipur | 59.9 | 69.1 | 51.4 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 59.7 | 76.7 | 40.9 |
| Ladakh | 59.5 | 74.2 | 41.6 |
| Meghalaya | 59.0 | 69.7 | 50.2 |
| Sikkim | 57.7 | 73.1 | 41.4 |
| Gujarat | 57.1 | 80.7 | 31.7 |
| Chandigarh | 56.1 | 74.8 | 35.6 |
| Chhattisgarh | 55.9 | 79.9 | 32.5 |
| Tamil Nadu | 55.6 | 76.0 | 35.9 |
| Kerala | 54.6 | 74.3 | 37.4 |
| Telangana | 54.1 | 76.3 | 32.5 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 53.9 | 72.7 | 32.7 |
| Karnataka | 53.6 | 76.1 | 31.0 |
| Punjab | 53.6 | 79.7 | 24.9 |
| West Bengal | 53.5 | 78.5 | 29.3 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 53.1 | 74.4 | 33.2 |
| Rajasthan | 53.1 | 74.4 | 30.3 |
| Assam | 52.9 | 78.1 | 29.2 |
| Maharashtra | 52.4 | 76.0 | 27.5 |
| Goa | 52.0 | 74.6 | 27.6 |
| Odisha | 51.8 | 74.8 | 29.1 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 51.8 | 78.1 | 24.5 |
| Uttarakhand | 51.6 | 76.0 | 26.9 |
| Tripura | 51.3 | 74.7 | 29.9 |
| Mizoram | 51.1 | 64.5 | 36.7 |
| Haryana | 49.6 | 76.0 | 20.3 |
| Puducherry | 48.8 | 72.8 | 26.6 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 46.9 | 76.6 | 16.0 |
| Jharkhand | 45.5 | 71.9 | 18.7 |
| Delhi | 44.2 | 71.5 | 13.2 |
| Lakshadweep | 43.3 | 73.3 | 20.5 |
| Bihar | 42.9 | 70.0 | 13.9 |
Table 4.11: WPR by State (PS+SS, Urban, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daman & Diu | 60.3 | 82.4 | 27.2 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 59.0 | 76.8 | 38.0 |
| Gujarat | 56.3 | 79.6 | 31.3 |
| Manipur | 56.2 | 65.0 | 48.0 |
| Nagaland | 55.6 | 66.4 | 43.9 |
| Ladakh | 55.2 | 70.0 | 37.2 |
| Sikkim | 54.9 | 70.3 | 38.6 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 53.6 | 71.7 | 33.4 |
| Meghalaya | 53.3 | 65.2 | 43.5 |
| Tamil Nadu | 53.1 | 73.2 | 33.7 |
| Chhattisgarh | 53.0 | 76.3 | 30.3 |
| Chandigarh | 52.9 | 73.2 | 30.6 |
| Kerala | 52.3 | 72.2 | 34.8 |
| Karnataka | 52.0 | 74.1 | 29.9 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 51.7 | 66.1 | 35.8 |
| West Bengal | 51.4 | 75.8 | 27.8 |
| Punjab | 51.0 | 76.3 | 23.1 |
| Maharashtra | 50.6 | 73.5 | 26.5 |
| Telangana | 50.4 | 71.7 | 29.7 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 50.1 | 75.8 | 23.3 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 49.8 | 70.4 | 30.7 |
| Assam | 49.5 | 74.3 | 26.2 |
| Odisha | 49.4 | 71.6 | 27.5 |
| Tripura | 49.3 | 72.0 | 28.5 |
| Mizoram | 49.2 | 62.3 | 35.2 |
| Goa | 48.9 | 69.7 | 26.3 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 48.3 | 68.3 | 25.8 |
| Uttarakhand | 47.9 | 70.9 | 24.6 |
| Rajasthan | 47.7 | 68.2 | 25.9 |
| Haryana | 46.7 | 71.8 | 19.0 |
| Puducherry | 46.3 | 69.9 | 24.4 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 44.8 | 73.6 | 14.9 |
| Delhi | 41.6 | 67.4 | 12.2 |
| Jharkhand | 41.6 | 66.4 | 16.5 |
| Lakshadweep | 40.3 | 68.9 | 18.5 |
| Bihar | 38.5 | 63.6 | 11.6 |
Table 4.12: UR by State (PS+SS, Urban, 15+, 2024-25)
| state_name | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arunachal Pradesh | 15.6 | 14.2 | 18.4 |
| Nagaland | 12.8 | 11.0 | 15.7 |
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 12.0 | 6.5 | 22.8 |
| Bihar | 10.4 | 9.1 | 16.8 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 10.3 | 6.0 | 21.2 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 10.3 | 6.5 | 18.3 |
| Rajasthan | 10.1 | 8.4 | 14.6 |
| Meghalaya | 9.6 | 6.5 | 13.2 |
| Jharkhand | 8.5 | 7.7 | 11.8 |
| Ladakh | 7.3 | 5.7 | 10.7 |
| Uttarakhand | 7.2 | 6.7 | 8.6 |
| Lakshadweep | 7.1 | 6.0 | 9.9 |
| Telangana | 6.8 | 6.0 | 8.7 |
| Assam | 6.4 | 4.9 | 10.4 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 6.2 | 5.5 | 7.5 |
| Manipur | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.6 |
| Goa | 6.1 | 6.6 | 4.8 |
| Delhi | 6.0 | 5.8 | 7.5 |
| Chandigarh | 5.7 | 2.0 | 14.2 |
| Haryana | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.3 |
| Puducherry | 5.2 | 3.9 | 8.5 |
| Chhattisgarh | 5.2 | 4.5 | 6.7 |
| Sikkim | 4.9 | 3.8 | 6.9 |
| Punjab | 4.9 | 4.2 | 7.1 |
| Odisha | 4.7 | 4.4 | 5.6 |
| Tamil Nadu | 4.4 | 3.7 | 6.0 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 4.4 | 3.9 | 7.1 |
| Kerala | 4.3 | 2.9 | 6.7 |
| Tripura | 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.8 |
| West Bengal | 3.9 | 3.4 | 5.3 |
| Mizoram | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| Maharashtra | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.8 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 3.4 | 2.9 | 5.0 |
| Karnataka | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.3 |
| Daman & Diu | 2.2 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| Gujarat | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
Table 5.1: LFPR by Religion × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| religion_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buddhism | 61.1 | 76.6 | 44.9 |
| Christianity | 62.7 | 76.7 | 49.5 |
| Hinduism | 60.2 | 79.0 | 41.7 |
| Islam | 53.2 | 80.0 | 27.8 |
| Jainism | 51.2 | 78.3 | 24.8 |
| Others | 67.3 | 76.2 | 58.7 |
| Sikhism | 55.9 | 77.3 | 33.7 |
| Zoroastrianism | 49.1 | 63.8 | 36.7 |
Table 5.2: WPR by Religion × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| religion_label | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buddhism | 59.1 | 73.3 | 44.2 |
| Christianity | 60.4 | 74.2 | 47.5 |
| Hinduism | 58.3 | 76.6 | 40.5 |
| Islam | 51.4 | 77.5 | 26.8 |
| Jainism | 50.2 | 77.7 | 23.5 |
| Others | 63.8 | 73.3 | 54.6 |
| Sikhism | 53.0 | 73.6 | 31.6 |
| Zoroastrianism | 49.1 | 63.8 | 36.7 |
Table 5.3: UR by Religion × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| religion_label | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buddhism | 3.4 | 4.3 | 1.7 |
| Christianity | 3.6 | 3.2 | 4.1 |
| Hinduism | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.0 |
| Islam | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.6 |
| Jainism | 1.8 | 0.7 | 5.1 |
| Others | 5.2 | 3.7 | 7.0 |
| Sikhism | 5.1 | 4.7 | 6.1 |
| Zoroastrianism | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Table 6.1: LFPR by Social Group × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| social_group_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| OBC | 58.6 | 78.7 | 39.3 |
| Others | 53.9 | 76.9 | 31.0 |
| SC | 61.3 | 80.5 | 42.8 |
| ST | 73.1 | 83.8 | 62.6 |
Table 6.2: WPR by Social Group × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| social_group_label | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| OBC | 56.9 | 76.4 | 38.2 |
| Others | 51.9 | 74.4 | 29.6 |
| SC | 59.3 | 77.7 | 41.5 |
| ST | 71.6 | 81.8 | 61.5 |
Table 6.3: UR by Social Group × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| social_group_label | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| OBC | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 |
| Others | 3.7 | 3.3 | 4.7 |
| SC | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.8 |
| ST | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Table 7.1: LFPR by Age Group × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| age_group | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15-29 | 46.0 | 64.0 | 27.5 |
| 30-44 | 75.9 | 98.6 | 54.8 |
| 45-59 | 73.8 | 95.7 | 52.5 |
| 60+ | 37.2 | 53.8 | 21.4 |
Table 7.2: WPR by Age Group × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| age_group | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15-29 | 41.4 | 58.0 | 24.4 |
| 30-44 | 75.0 | 97.5 | 54.2 |
| 45-59 | 73.7 | 95.4 | 52.5 |
| 60+ | 37.1 | 53.7 | 21.4 |
Table 7.3: UR by Age Group × Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| age_group | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15-29 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 11.3 |
| 30-44 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| 45-59 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| 60+ | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Table 8.1: CWS LFPR by Sex × Sector (15+, 2024-25)
| sector_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 58.1 | 78.9 | 38.3 |
| Urban | 50.8 | 75.3 | 25.9 |
2025 CWS values in this table are sourced from official MoSPI annual-release/API benchmarks because the revamped 2025 rotational-panel estimation is not fully recoverable from first-visit microdata alone.
Table 8.2: CWS WPR by Sex × Sector (15+, 2024-25)
| sector_label | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 55.4 | 75.0 | 36.8 |
| Urban | 47.4 | 70.7 | 23.6 |
2025 CWS values in this table are sourced from official MoSPI annual-release/API benchmarks because the revamped 2025 rotational-panel estimation is not fully recoverable from first-visit microdata alone.
Table 8.3: CWS UR by Sex × Sector (15+, 2024-25)
| sector_label | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.0 |
| Urban | 6.8 | 6.1 | 8.9 |
2025 CWS values in this table are sourced from official MoSPI annual-release/API benchmarks because the revamped 2025 rotational-panel estimation is not fully recoverable from first-visit microdata alone.
Table 8.4: PS+SS vs CWS Full Comparison (15+, 2024-25)
| Sector | PS+SS_Person_LFPR | CWS_Person_LFPR | PS+SS_Male_LFPR | CWS_Male_LFPR | PS+SS_Female_LFPR | CWS_Female_LFPR | PS+SS_Person_WPR | CWS_Person_WPR | PS+SS_Male_WPR | CWS_Male_WPR | PS+SS_Female_WPR | CWS_Female_WPR | PS+SS_Person_UR | CWS_Person_UR | PS+SS_Male_UR | CWS_Male_UR | PS+SS_Female_UR | CWS_Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined | 59.3 | 55.7 | 79.1 | 77.7 | 40.0 | 34.3 | 57.4 | 52.8 | 76.6 | 73.6 | 38.8 | 32.5 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 5.2 |
| Rural | 62.8 | 58.1 | 80.5 | 78.9 | 45.9 | 38.3 | 61.2 | 55.4 | 78.4 | 75.0 | 44.9 | 36.8 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 2.1 | 4.0 |
| Urban | 52.2 | 50.8 | 76.2 | 75.3 | 27.7 | 25.9 | 49.7 | 47.4 | 73.0 | 70.7 | 25.9 | 23.6 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 4.2 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 8.9 |
2025 CWS values in this table are sourced from official MoSPI annual-release/API benchmarks because the revamped 2025 rotational-panel estimation is not fully recoverable from first-visit microdata alone.
Table 9.1: LFPR by Education × Sex × Sector (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| education_label | sector_label | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Below primary | Rural | 72.7 | 87.0 | 59.5 | 72.6 | 86.7 | 59.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Below primary | Urban | 55.8 | 82.2 | 33.1 | 55.3 | 81.1 | 33.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.1 |
| Diploma/Certificate | Rural | 54.2 | 72.3 | 31.8 | 51.7 | 69.0 | 30.4 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Diploma/Certificate | Urban | 42.0 | 63.7 | 17.7 | 39.9 | 60.7 | 16.6 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 6.1 |
| Graduate | Rural | 81.4 | 90.1 | 55.7 | 75.3 | 84.2 | 49.3 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 11.5 |
| Graduate | Urban | 75.4 | 85.9 | 48.0 | 70.8 | 81.1 | 43.9 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 8.5 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | Rural | 61.8 | 82.9 | 44.2 | 61.7 | 82.7 | 44.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (EGS) | Urban | 51.0 | 82.8 | 32.1 | 50.5 | 81.5 | 32.1 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | Rural | 73.9 | 79.6 | 68.5 | 72.5 | 76.7 | 68.5 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (Others) | Urban | 40.1 | 63.8 | 30.4 | 40.1 | 63.8 | 30.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | Rural | 59.9 | 80.1 | 28.3 | 59.9 | 80.1 | 28.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Literate w/o formal (TLC) | Urban | 6.1 | 3.2 | 10.8 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 10.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Middle | Rural | 63.9 | 81.3 | 42.4 | 62.9 | 79.8 | 42.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.5 |
| Middle | Urban | 52.7 | 77.8 | 24.0 | 51.5 | 76.0 | 23.5 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| Not literate | Rural | 60.3 | 78.9 | 51.3 | 60.2 | 78.6 | 51.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Not literate | Urban | 43.1 | 75.7 | 28.4 | 42.8 | 75.0 | 28.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Postgraduate & above | Rural | 70.5 | 90.6 | 42.7 | 62.2 | 82.1 | 34.5 | 11.8 | 9.3 | 19.2 |
| Postgraduate & above | Urban | 62.6 | 83.8 | 36.4 | 56.0 | 76.4 | 30.7 | 10.6 | 8.8 | 15.7 |
| Primary | Rural | 71.4 | 89.6 | 53.0 | 71.0 | 88.8 | 52.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
| Primary | Urban | 56.3 | 85.4 | 28.6 | 55.7 | 84.4 | 28.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.9 |
| Secondary | Rural | 53.6 | 70.1 | 33.0 | 52.7 | 68.7 | 32.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.1 |
| Secondary | Urban | 43.5 | 65.3 | 17.4 | 42.3 | 63.5 | 17.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 |
| — | Rural | 77.6 | 92.8 | 58.6 | 68.8 | 87.0 | 46.0 | 11.3 | 6.3 | 21.4 |
| — | Urban | 67.0 | 86.1 | 48.3 | 60.9 | 80.8 | 41.4 | 9.2 | 6.2 | 14.2 |
Table 9.2: State Rankings: Top 10 & Bottom 10 by LFPR (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| Rank | state_name | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sikkim | 74.7 | 81.3 | 66.7 | 72.3 | 78.8 | 64.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
| 2 | Himachal Pradesh | 73.2 | 82.5 | 64.7 | 69.9 | 78.3 | 62.2 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
| 3 | Meghalaya | 72.3 | 80.6 | 64.3 | 68.9 | 78.0 | 60.0 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 6.6 |
| 4 | Nagaland | 72.1 | 79.7 | 64.5 | 67.3 | 75.5 | 59.1 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 8.4 |
| 5 | Chhattisgarh | 71.6 | 83.5 | 59.8 | 70.0 | 81.5 | 58.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| 6 | Arunachal Pradesh | 71.3 | 80.5 | 61.7 | 66.6 | 75.7 | 57.1 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 7.4 |
| 7 | Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 67.2 | 84.0 | 50.3 | 60.5 | 78.7 | 42.0 | 10.0 | 6.2 | 16.4 |
| 8 | Ladakh | 66.2 | 70.9 | 61.0 | 63.5 | 67.9 | 58.8 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
| 9 | Daman & Diu | 66.0 | 85.3 | 38.3 | 64.9 | 83.7 | 38.1 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.7 |
| 10 | Gujarat | 65.2 | 83.4 | 46.2 | 64.6 | 82.5 | 45.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.7 |
| 27 | Chandigarh | 56.1 | 74.8 | 35.6 | 52.9 | 73.2 | 30.6 | 5.7 | 2.0 | 14.2 |
| 28 | Punjab | 55.2 | 79.2 | 30.2 | 52.3 | 75.6 | 28.0 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 7.3 |
| 29 | Uttar Pradesh | 55.2 | 78.9 | 32.4 | 53.7 | 76.6 | 31.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.1 |
| 30 | Mizoram | 53.9 | 67.8 | 38.0 | 52.6 | 66.1 | 37.2 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
| 31 | Puducherry | 51.8 | 72.7 | 32.7 | 49.0 | 69.7 | 30.1 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 7.9 |
| 32 | Goa | 51.2 | 73.4 | 27.4 | 46.9 | 67.1 | 25.4 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 7.3 |
| 33 | Haryana | 50.4 | 75.0 | 23.8 | 48.1 | 71.5 | 22.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.0 |
| 34 | Bihar | 49.3 | 75.6 | 24.8 | 47.4 | 72.6 | 24.0 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
| 35 | Lakshadweep | 46.3 | 76.1 | 21.9 | 43.1 | 71.9 | 19.6 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 10.5 |
| 36 | Delhi | 44.2 | 71.5 | 13.1 | 41.6 | 67.4 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 7.4 |
Table 9.3: LFPR/WPR/UR by Religion × Social Group (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| religion_label | social_group_label | LFPR | WPR | UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buddhism | OBC | 86.1 | 85.0 | 1.3 |
| Buddhism | Others | 68.4 | 62.2 | 9.1 |
| Buddhism | SC | 59.2 | 57.4 | 3.1 |
| Buddhism | ST | 69.3 | 66.6 | 3.9 |
| Christianity | OBC | 60.0 | 58.1 | 3.1 |
| Christianity | Others | 56.3 | 54.1 | 3.8 |
| Christianity | SC | 61.7 | 59.6 | 3.3 |
| Christianity | ST | 68.8 | 66.3 | 3.7 |
| Hinduism | OBC | 60.0 | 58.3 | 2.9 |
| Hinduism | Others | 53.7 | 51.6 | 3.8 |
| Hinduism | SC | 61.4 | 59.4 | 3.2 |
| Hinduism | ST | 73.8 | 72.4 | 1.9 |
| Islam | OBC | 51.4 | 49.7 | 3.3 |
| Islam | Others | 55.3 | 53.5 | 3.2 |
| Islam | SC | 68.7 | 68.7 | 0.0 |
| Islam | ST | 67.8 | 66.4 | 2.1 |
| Jainism | OBC | 56.3 | 56.0 | 0.4 |
| Jainism | Others | 50.3 | 49.3 | 2.0 |
| Jainism | SC | 62.4 | 58.4 | 6.4 |
| Jainism | ST | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Others | OBC | 68.6 | 67.0 | 2.4 |
| Others | Others | 54.3 | 47.5 | 12.6 |
| Others | SC | 73.8 | 71.3 | 3.3 |
| Others | ST | 70.4 | 67.4 | 4.1 |
| Sikhism | OBC | 57.1 | 54.1 | 5.2 |
| Sikhism | Others | 50.6 | 48.0 | 5.2 |
| Sikhism | SC | 60.8 | 57.7 | 5.1 |
| Sikhism | ST | 31.7 | 30.7 | 2.9 |
| Zoroastrianism | Others | 48.7 | 48.7 | 0.0 |
| Zoroastrianism | SC | 57.1 | 57.1 | 0.0 |
Table 9.4: Youth vs Overall Comparison (PS+SS, 2024-25)
| Category | Person_LFPR | Male_LFPR | Female_LFPR | Person_WPR | Male_WPR | Female_WPR | Person_UR | Male_UR | Female_UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youth (15-29) | 46.0 | 64.0 | 27.5 | 41.4 | 58.0 | 24.4 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 11.3 |
| Overall (15+) | 59.3 | 79.1 | 40.0 | 57.4 | 76.6 | 38.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
Table 9.5: Employment Type Distribution by Sex (PS+SS, 15+, 2024-25)
| emp_type | Female | Male |
|---|---|---|
| Casual labour | 17.6 | 21.6 |
| Regular wage/salaried | 18.2 | 26.5 |
| Self-employed | 64.2 | 52.0 |
Table 9.6: Education × Status Comparison (PS+SS only, 15+, 2024-25)
| Status | education_label | LFPR | WPR | UR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PS+SS | Below primary | 68.5 | 68.2 | 0.4 |
| PS+SS | Diploma/Certificate | 49.5 | 47.2 | 4.7 |
| PS+SS | Graduate | 78.6 | 73.2 | 6.9 |
| PS+SS | Literate w/o formal (EGS) | 58.9 | 58.7 | 0.3 |
| PS+SS | Literate w/o formal (Others) | 62.6 | 61.6 | 1.5 |
| PS+SS | Literate w/o formal (TLC) | 44.7 | 44.7 | 0.0 |
| PS+SS | Middle | 60.6 | 59.6 | 1.6 |
| PS+SS | Not literate | 57.2 | 57.0 | 0.3 |
| PS+SS | Postgraduate & above | 66.2 | 58.8 | 11.2 |
| PS+SS | Primary | 67.1 | 66.6 | 0.7 |
| PS+SS | Secondary | 49.9 | 48.9 | 2.1 |
| PS+SS | — | 70.7 | 63.6 | 10.0 |
2025 CWS values in this table are sourced from official MoSPI annual-release/API benchmarks because the revamped 2025 rotational-panel estimation is not fully recoverable from first-visit microdata alone. Education-level CWS rows are omitted until the revised annual-estimation procedure is reproducible from unit-level data.
The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) is conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India. It is an annual survey providing estimates of labour force indicators at the national and state levels. This report covers the annual round(s) 2024-25.
| Code Range | Category | Sub-category |
|---|---|---|
| 11–21 | Employed | Self-employed |
| 31 | Employed | Regular wage/salaried |
| 41–51 | Employed | Casual labour |
| 81–82 | Unemployed | Seeking/available for work |
| 91–98 | Not in Labour Force | Domestic duties, education, etc. |
Uses the current weekly activity status code directly with the same classification scheme for rounds where the annual estimate is reproducible from the available unit-level files.
Important 2025 CWS note: annual 2025 CWS estimates are not taken from direct first-visit microdata aggregation. From January 2025 PLFS moved to a revised rotational-panel design and estimation procedure; where official 2025 CWS benchmarks are available, this report uses those official values and suppresses unsupported direct disaggregations.
For legacy annual rounds, Weight = Multiplier / (100 × no_qtr), where no_qtr is the number of quarters in which the stratum appears. For the 2025 calendar-year round, the report normalizes weights as Multiplier / 100 in line with the revised design documentation.
All standard labour force indicators are computed for persons aged 15 years and above.
Unit-level microdata from validated parquet extracts for the selected PLFS round(s), with variable metadata sourced from the NADA catalogue and original PLFS documentation.
The report is built from validated parquet extracts for 2024-25. Available integrity checks: column_count, column_names, first_5_rows, row_count, sex_distribution, state_count, weight_sum. Overall parquet validation status: PASS.
Comparisons: 53 | Within ±0.5 pp: 53 (100.0%) | Mean deviation: 0.00 pp | Max deviation: 0.00 pp
Table 11.1: Validation Comparison
| year | indicator | status | gender | sector | age_group | religion | social_group | official | computed | deviation | abs_deviation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | male | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 78.9 | 78.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | person | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 58.1 | 58.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | female | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 34.3 | 34.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | male | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 77.7 | 77.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | person | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 55.7 | 55.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | female | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 25.9 | 25.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | male | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 75.3 | 75.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | CWS | person | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 50.8 | 50.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | female | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 45.9 | 45.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | male | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 80.5 | 80.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | person | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 62.8 | 62.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | female | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 40.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | male | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 79.1 | 79.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | person | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 59.3 | 59.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | female | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 27.7 | 27.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | male | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 76.2 | 76.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | LFPR | PS+SS | person | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 52.2 | 52.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | female | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | male | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 4.9 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | person | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 4.6 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | female | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 5.2 | 5.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | male | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | person | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | female | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 8.9 | 8.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | male | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 6.1 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | CWS | person | Urban | 15 years and above | all | all | 6.8 | 6.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | PS+SS | female | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | PS+SS | male | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | PS+SS | person | Rural | 15 years and above | all | all | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 2024-25 | UR | PS+SS | female | Combined | 15 years and above | all | all | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |